Human Resource Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resource Assignment - Essay Example In addition to that, employees are not enough trained on Business Etiquettes, Courtesy, and Business Communication. Hospitality is all about handling people. So an employee must have right attitude, tolerance, and listening skills in order to move up the hierarchy. There is still a long way to go to inculcate good public relation, interpersonal skills. With the increase in competition due to the coming up of major players, the need to train employees has increased more than ever before. The major players are now strategizing to increase the turnover of the customers by training their employees on Communication, Dining and Business etiquettes, etc. Some of the essentials required by this sector are: While resources are most important assets of an organization particularly in hospitality sector, they should be trained enough for handling any kind of situations. Most of today's organization doesn't provide the training to their staffs because of the cost and time constrain as they are unable to keep the pace with the growing competition in shorter term hence they do work with the untrained workers. In longer term this cost as image of the organization and hence on their business. To deal with the above situation, organization needs to develop workplace training sessions for adults. There are some pre requisites before conducting the training namely identifying what exactly is needed, why this is needed and what will be the benefits for the same. Following are the method for identifying the training need. 1. questionnaires/surveys 2. Interview 3. Observation 4. Brainstorming 5. Performance appraisal etc. Once this is done, there need to identify how the training should be conducted. This will depend on various factors such as 1. Budget 2. Convenience 3. Training need 4. Resource availability Training can be conducted as 1. On the job Training 2. On site Training 3. Off the Job Training 4. Off site Training. Once all these factors are analyzed, training can be initiated at the work place. Effectiveness of workplace training: Training is an investment for long term benefit of an organization so it's become important to track how your investment is doing, whether it's producing the desired results or not etc. Once an organization has implemented a training program it will hopefully strive to improve it. The first important tool to consider is the training feedback or evaluation survey. These tools should have enough information so as to be relevant and should be filled out anonymously by the training attendees. If there is criticism, turn that criticism into a positive and put forth the effort to eliminate the cause of the criticism. Once all these things are done, training can be evaluated statically to see whether it met the desired results or not. Approaches to the evaluation of workplace training: While organization spend significant amount of money on training it's become important to define metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of the training. There could be various ways for the same. Some being as 1. Reactions Level: This can be identified

China Bank Internationalisation Project Essay Example for Free

China Bank Internationalisation Project Essay This approach to a project is very similar to what happens regularly in the financial services industry. A project has to be completed, a team is set up (usually with individuals of different skills with different backgrounds and from different countries) who then have to work together to complete the task. Managers then evaluate each team member in such a process on the basis of the quality of the final joint work produced. Background China’s banks are trying to internationalise and your task is to help advise a Chinese bank on how to do this. Bank of China, for example, has on its website its ‘Strategic Goal† and other banks have similar goals: Strategic Goal Aiming at excellence, sustaining growth and building a first-class international bank. Strategic Positioning A large transnational banking group focusing on commercial banking business and providing diversified services integrated both at home and abroad. Commercial banking focused diversification With commercial banking business as the core and foundation of the groups development, Bank of China will keep improving its brand popularity and core competitiveness by expanding business network and customer base and nhancing product innovation. By taking advantage of the comparative competitiveness of diversified services for unified customers via unified channels under unified strategy and brand, it will strive to develop various business lines such as investment banking, fund, insurance, investment and leasing so as to create a synergistic effect on the div ersified platform in the interest of comprehensive and excellent financial services for customers. To provide a structure to this advice, you are required to write answers to each of the five topics below (though you need not follow exactly the items in each). Each of the five sections should be not more than 500 words i. e. 2,500 words maximum for the whole project. This will also make it much easier to present each project in class i. e. to read out the paper in class. Also, it will help you understand the need to be concise. Most business papers have an ‘Executive Summary’ at the front of a paper and in the case of this project, the ‘executive summary’ is the actual paper. You will, of course, be likely to write more on your section in the first instance but you will then have to reduce it in size to make this summary the correct length. Although you may choose to allocate one section to each person in the group, it is VITAL that the quality of English (grammar, spelling), is high throughout. Thus one person who is good at English should check through the whole paper. Also, each section should use the same font and typesize. You should also ensure that each of you understands each of the 5 topics and is able to speak in class about any of them. I may choose any one of you to present and to explain your proposals. Project China’s banks are trying to internationalise. You have been employed as consultants to a well-known large Chinese bank. They have asked you to write a report for them as below: â€Å"Until now, we have been principally a domestic financial institution operating in mainland China. We expect that the profitability of our existing domestic business may decline and that our balance sheet size will not increase as fast as before. We are therefore considering trying to internationalise. We need to learn from Western experience of internationalisation and try to apply that experience (though modified for specific Chinese characteristics) to our own internationalisation project. Please prepare a report that will help us achieve our objectives. † Having chosen your bank (one of the big four) set out a strategy that it might follow. You should start by looking at the bank’s latest annual report and accounts and any press references to internationalization of Chinese banks. Some topics that you might cover are suggested below but the actual topics that you think are relevant may be wider than this. You should also look at the experience of Western banks which have tried to become full-service i. e. international financial supermarkets. I. Examine balance sheet strength, current and future expected loan losses on existing domestic loans, current and future required Basel ratios and current price to book ratios of the bank or banks you have chosen and any other relevant information. You have to provide a summary of your chosen bank’s financial strengths and weakness relative to competitors. Consider any competitive advantages that Chinese banks might have in trying to internationalise in relation to any weaknesses of European or US banks at the present time in terms of funding availability, currency related issues, term of loans, regulatory ratios, ownership structure etc. II. Consider reasons why Chinese domestic banking is likely to be less profitable from 2012 onwards compared with previous years (consider interest margins and loan write-offs and any other factors). Consider in which countries a bank might best open overseas operations, what commercial banking products and services might be offered and why. Consider products and services to be offered to Chinese companies doing business abroad and also local companies in the foreign market which may or may not do business with China. Give reasons why you think a Chinese bank could gain competitive advantage in these markets with the different types of customer they might attract. Also consider where you might put the international head office of such a bank and whether the senior management in a country should be natives of that country or expatriate managers from China. III. Chinese banks are currently principally commercial banks involved in lending, trade financing, foreign exchange services and leasing. Consider the other types of products and services, in particular investment banking and asset management services, that they might want to offer outside China and the advantages and possible drawbacks of trying to compete with US investment banks in such products. Finish with a recommendation on the scope of products the bank should offer. IV. If you recommend that your bank should go ahead with an internationalisation programme, advise it on the relative merits of a new start-up bank versus a policy of acquisition of local banks in the chosen markets. You might, for example, suggest that the bank acquire RBS from the UK government. V. Japanese commercial and investment banks have not been very successful in their internationalising efforts (see Chapter 27 of your textbook). Consider the economic, cultural and foreign branch/ subsidiary management, employee and governance (and any other) issues that might have hindered their development. Consider how a Chinese banks may, or may not, be able to overcome these same difficulties. Citigroup has also proven not to be very successful. You should examine what its strategy was and why it collapsed (rescued by the US government) and why it is now downsizing and simplifying. RBS has also cut back its investment banking activities dramatically. You should consider why it has done this. Some articles from the FT that might be useful in this endeavour are included on Blackboard under â€Å"Course Documents†. However, it is important that you access other sources of information which may include private information that you have access to. You should give references where appropriate. Brian Scott-Quinn [ 1 ]. Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China

Link between Household Debt and Savings

Link between Household Debt and Savings Many analysts and business executives are becoming apprehensive with the recent rises in the consumer debt burden, defined as the level of consumer debt relative to ability to repay which may predict an economic growth slowdown. A higher debt reduces the credit worthiness of households who would then experience financial anguish caused by unfavourable economic shock, such as the loss of a job or large uninsured medical expenses. In the event of this situation, they would be less disposed to spend on consumer goods, particularly big ticket items such as automobiles and home computers. Consequently, the reduction in consumer spending would hurt economic growth as firms cut back on the production of consumer goods and laid off workers. Households have spent in excess of income, in part because increased house prices have led to increased household wealth. The rise in house prices reflects an adjustment to sustained low inflation and interest rates, among other factors. However, activity in the housing market cannot be sustained at the pace seen in recent years. As the housing market cools, growth in consumer spending should ease and household saving rise, resulting in a tendency for the current account deficit to fall, everything else equal. The increase in household debt also partly reflects the removal of government controls of the financial system over the past two decades. Based on the results of empirical works of many authors, most studies favour the hypothesis that the causality is from economic growth rate to growth rate of savings. Based on the empirical results, the main conclusion of this study is that income class of a country does play an important role in determining the direction of causality. A rising consumer debt burden also might predict future activities in broad methods of economic activity, such as real gross domestic product. A decline in consumer spending on durable goods would lower real GDP growth because such spending is a large constituent of real GDP. 1.2 Objectives and Organisation of the dissertation Many tests have been carried out by many authors throughout the world to see if there is a link between household debt, household savings and economic growth and hence, analyse its impact on the discussed variables. A panel cross country analysis has been carried out on 25 countries to determine how household savings and debt may act as a deterrent for economic growth. Chapter 2 reviews the literature and empirical evidence pertaining to the works of various authors concerning economic growth, household debt and household savings. The next chapter deals with the review of variables of interest to us, which will be used in the empirical testing part, hence, the household savings as a proportion of disposable income, household debt as a proportion of GDP per capita, growth rate of Real GDP per capita, consumption share of GDP per capita, price level of GDP, investment share of GDP per capita, interest on savings will be scrutinized in the chapter. In Chapter 4, the Haussman tests have been mostly used to predict the impact of these independent and exogenous variables on the dependent variable of economic growth. Finally in Chapter 5, we conclude on the subject and make some policy recommendation and alongside cite some limitations of the work carried out. 2.1 THEORETICAL LITERATURE When there is a positive change in the level of production of a countrys goods and services over a certain point in time, it is referred to as economic growth. It is also influenced by many factors but one of the pinnacles of economic history is the impact household saving and debt has on economic growth. Most working papers and journal articles on cross countries studies assume a positive relationship between household saving and economic growth and an adverse relationship between consumer debt and economic growth. The difference between a households disposable incomes (primarily wages obtained, proceeds of the self-employed and net property returns) and its consumption (spending on products) is known as household saving. When the household saving is divided by household disposable income, the household savings rate is computed. When a household uses more than it obtains as expected income and funds some of the spending through credit (growing debt), through returns coming from the sale of resources, or by making cash and deposits, there is usually a negative savings rate. These discrepancies are fairly due to institutional distinctions between countries. These include the degree to which old-age pensions are financed by government rather than through personal savings, and the level to which governments offer insurance against sickness and unemployment. The age composition of the population is also significant, as the elderly tend to run down financial assets obtained during their working life. This implies that a country with an ageing population will generally have a low household saving rate. The conformist view is that savings contribute to higher investment and hence higher GDP growth in the short run (Bacha, 1990; DeGregorio, 1992; Jappelli and Pagano,1994). The central idea of Lewiss (1955) traditional development theory was that increasing savings would accelerate growth. Kaldor (1956) and Samuelson and Modigliani (1966) studied how different savings behaviors induced growth. On the other hand, many recent studies have concluded that economic growth contributes to savings (Sinha and Sinha, 1998; Salz, 1999;Anoruo and Ahmad, 2001). Over the last 10-15 years, household saving rates have increased in Austria, Germany and Sweden and remained stable in Belgium, France and Switzerland. A downward trend over the same period has occurred in Canada, Italy, Japan, Korea, Poland and the United States. (OECD (2010), National Accounts of OECD Countries, OECD, Paris) The main factors contributing to differences among countries are listed below: The income effect: in general higher income leads to a higher saving rate; The wealth effect: profits or losses on financial and non-financial assets and liabilities affect built up wealth, and thus probably expenditure, but not on income. Higher wealth may then lower the saving rate; Credit facilities: in countries (e.g. UK and US) where consumption credit was easier to finance, saving rates may be comparatively lower; Institutional factors such as differences in social security schemes, especially pension schemes and the tax system; The proportion of own-account entrepreneurs and small unincorporated enterprises, within the household sector, because producers may have a different saving behaviour; Households expectations as regards the future economic situation; Cultural and social factors. Hondroyiannis (2004) analyses the long term and short term causal factors of aggregate private savings in Greece using data for the time frame of 1961-2000. By considering the financial and demographic advances during this phase, the long run savings utility which is susceptible to real interest rate, public funds, liquidity, old dependency ratio and fertility changes, is approximated on the foundation of an absolute life-cycle hypothesis. The significance of short-run divergences is obtained using vector error-correction model estimation. The empirical evidence proposes the continuation of a stable long-run savings function in Greece both in the long- and short-run periods and the policy inferences of such an association are accessible. According to Barba and Pivetti (2008), rising household debt in USA made low wages and increasing aggregate demand to arise simultaneously. In the USA, according to the figures of the Federal Reserve Board, consumer credit outstanding reached 25% of disposable personal income (DPI) in 2006. This was the peak of an upward trend that has characterised the period since the first half of the 1980s, following 15 years during which the consumer credit-income ratio averaged around 18%. Increasing household debt in developed countries like USA has been mostly due to the noticeable fall in household savings and this had an adverse effect on economic growth. Salotti (2009) claims that the current account is inclined by changes in US private savings which aid to generate and maintain world imbalances. A panel of 18 developed countries for the time dimension of 1980-2005 is used to check this claim by examining the components of total household savings. They merge two lines of literature: the first line from consumer theory, bearing in mind particularly the `wealth effect, the second line from aggregate private savings theory. Unit root and cointegration tests are performed to evaluate the most suited method for estimation of the long run savings function and to derive the cointegrating relationship. The group means FMOLS is exercised to approximate the model. The empirical evidence goes in line with the theory where a rise in wealth should adversely affect the household savings. In addition, when significant descriptive variables, such as national savings and populace dependence ratios, are incorporated in the model, material wealth becom es the only type of wealth to (inadequately and negatively) control household savings in developed countries. Howitt, Agnion, Comin and Tecu (2009) wanted to test if a country can grow more rapidly by saving further as they believe that household saving is of deep concern as it allows entrepreneurs to undertake their business and also reducing the agency cost that usually acts a hindrance for foreign investors. Since domestic saving counts for improvement, and consequently growth, it thus allows the home industrialist to put equity into this joint enterprise, which reduces an organization setback that would else discourage the foreign shareholder from contributing. In rich countries, domestic entrepreneurs are already known with limit know-how and consequently do not need to draw foreign outlay for investment, so domestic saving is not important for growth. The higher the household savings and the lower the household debt a country has, the more economic growth it can at least forecast to make. The finding is based on a cross-country non-overlapping panel over the period from 1960 to 2000. T hey use a sample of 118 countries, all those for which there exists data on per-worker GDP and on the saving rate. The cross-country regression shows that lagged savings is positively related with productivity growth in poor countries but not in rich countries. 2.0 EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE Empirical evidence deals mainly with the previous works of various authors all around the world. There have been many works carried out by different authors and they reached certain conclusions which may be further developed and their results vary among the countries. The first case considered is on the United States of America (USA) and then they further scrutinise what happened in the developed and emerging countries. 2.1 STUDIES ON THE USA As noted in Thomas and Towe (1996), research into household saving/consumption behaviour in recent years has inclined to centre on probing for long-run relationships between saving (or consumption) and selected macroeconomic variables. In large part, this shows the fact that the data involved have been found to be non-stationary. This implies that conventional statistical methods cannot be used to test relationships between movements in the savings rate and other (non stationary) macro variables. This approach also implies that short-run movements in the savings rate may be driven by deviations from the long-run relationship between saving and its fundamental determinants. Callen and Thimann (1997) studied the empirical determinants of household saving in USA using cross sectional and panel data from 21 OECD countries for 1975-95.) They find that household saving fell from 13% during 1975-81 to only 11% in 1982-89 but it has then stayed stable in general. Variables that capture the structure of the tax system and the financing and generosity of the social security and welfare system are added to the set of potential explanatory variables. The results indicate that there is an central role for public and corporate saving, growth, and demographics in controlling household saving, while some role is also established for inflation, unemployment, the real interest rate, and financial deregulation. The results also propose that the tax and the social security and welfare systems have an important impact on household saving. Bà ©rubà © and Cà ´tà © (2000) examine the structural factors of the household savings rate in Canada over the previous 30 years, using co integration techniques. The main result is that the real interest rate, expected inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ation, the ratio of the all-government à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ scal balances to nominal GDP, and the ratio of household net worth to personal disposable income are the most significant causal factors of the trend in the personal savings rate, as calculated in the National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA). The outcomes also recommend that the fast fall in the NIEA personal savings rate in current years mainly shows a change in the trend constituent of the savings rate, rather than a temporary different approach from the trend. Tipett (2010) uses many methodological approaches and draws on longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and also uses multilevel logistic regressions to investigate the relationship between the hypothesized mechanisms and the probability of holding non-collateralized debt. Analysis of Survey of Consumer Finance data shows that the amount of household debt increased faster than household asset increases (see also Bucks, Kennickell, Moore, Fries, and Neal 2006; Kennickell 2009), and Keister (2000) shows that overall wealth has been growing at the same time that the percentage of households with zero or negative net worth has also been rising. 2.2 STUDIES ON DEVELOPED ECONOMIES Carroll and Weil (1994) present Granger-causality tests for 38 countries for which they have fine data, and show that increases in growth radically head increases in saving. Dekle (1993) presents comparable Granger causality regressions for a group of fast-growing countries and finds that growth positively Granger-causes saving in every country in his sample. Edwards (1995) looked at data from a panel of 36 countries over the period 1970-92. Using lagged population growth, openness, political instability, and other lagged variables as instruments, he concludes that the rate of output growth has an important, positive effect on saving. Andersson (1999) believes that the worldly interdependence between saving and output has been measured in recent empirical studies which obliged some authors to question the conventional idea of a causal chain where saving precedes growth via capital accumulation. As divergent to the previous studies, which have mostly used panel-estimation processes, the tests of causal chains are performed in time-series sets. Saving and GDP are approximated in bivariate vector autoregressive or vector error-correction models for Sweden, UK, and USA, and tests of Granger non-causality are executed within the estimated systems. The core results shows that the causal chains linking saving and output vary across countries, and also that causality linked with amendments to long-run dealings might go in diverse directions than causality associated with short-term instabilities. Jappelli and Padula (2007) reconsidered savings inclinations in Italy, summarizing existing empirical evidence on Italians motives to save, relying on macroeconomic indicators as well as on data drawn from the Bank of Italys Survey of Household Income and Wealth from 1984 to 2004. The macroeconomic data indicate that households saving has fallen considerably, although Italy continues to class above most other countries in terms of saving. The microeconomic data show a strong correlation between the propensity to save and the level of current income, as well as a strong correlation between income and indebtedness. International panel data put forward that saving is robustly linked with the growth rate of income, and that saving changes parallel growth change, as shown by Attanasio, Picci and Scorcu (2000) using the 150 countries of the World Bank Saving Database. 2.3 STUDIES ON EMERGING MARKETS Emerging markets are economies which are currently in the process of fast growth and industrialisation. There are at present 28 emerging markets in the world with the economies of China and India being considered certainly as the two largest. New conditions were surfaced in recent years to portray the largest developing countries such as  BRIC  standing for  Brazil,  Russia,  India, and China. The relationship between savings and economic growth has received increased notice in recent years especially in developed and emerging economies [see Bacha (1990), DeGregorio (1992), Levine and Renelt (1992), and Jappelli and Pagano (1994)]. This might not be distinct to the central foundation of Lewiss (1955) traditional development theory that increasing savings would accelerate economic growth. Research efforts by Kaldor (1956) and Samuelson and Modigliani (1966) examined how different savings behaviours would induce economic growth. Caroll and Weil (1994) used five year averages of the economic growth rate and savings for OECD countries and found that economic growth Granger caused savings. However, the reverse was obtained when dummies were included in their estimation. Using Granger causality tests, findings by Sinha and Sinha (1998) and Sinha (1999) found that economic growth rate Granger caused the savings growth rate for Mexico and Sri Lanka respectively. Jappelli, Tullio and Marco Pagano (1994) test whether the measures of liquidity constraints help to explain the international differences in national saving rates, as forecasted by their model. They also test an outcome of that model, namely that the effect of growth on saving is greater where liquidity constraints are more determined. The data cover a panel of 19 countries (all the main OECD countries are included) and are drawn from Modigliani [1990]. Observations are averages of annual data for three periods: 1960-1970, 1971-1980, and 1981-1987). Findings show that the two variables are negatively linked (the correlation coefficient for the entire sample is -0.55). They have empirically measured the soundness of three propositions, namely that liquidity constraints on households raise the saving rate, strengthen the effect of growth on saving, and promote productivity growth in models in which growth is endogenous. Using cross section data between 1960 and 1997 and Granger causality methodology, Anoruo and Ahmadi (2001) observed the causal relationships between the growth rate of domestic savings and economic growth for seven African countries -namely Congo, Cote dIvoire, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Zambia. Their studies established that savings are co-integrated in all of the countries except for Nigeria and that economic growth Granger-causes the growth rate of domestic savings for all the countries considered except Congo where reverse causality was obtained. Matos (2002) used among other parameters, the ratio of residents funds deposited in the financial system to aggregate monetary asset M2 (1947-2000) as a proxy of financial development, empirical tests support the view that it is vital to maintain the publics confidence in domestic financial assets to improve GDP growth prospects. This ratio may reflect an intangible asset of the financial intermediaries, i.e. the general publics confidence that contracts between customers. Kwack and Lee (2005) investigate the extent to which income growth and uncertainty and demographic factors affect the domestic real saving rate in Korea. They test an extended life cycle hypothesis and demography hypothesis with Korean time series data from 1975 to 2002. The results of the tests show that the aggregate saving rate is positively affected by the moving average of the growth rate of income and the variance of the income growth. The positive effect of the income growth differs from the negative effect found household survey data were used. Adebiyi (2005) employed quarterly data spanning between 1970 and 1998 to examine savings and growth relationships in Nigeria using Granger causality tests and impulse response analysis and concluded that growth, using per capital income, is sensitive to, and has an inverse effect on savings. Mohan (2008) believes that household savings in India has contributed significantly to its economic growth which recorded a steady rise over the last decades. Mohan found some empirical relations whereby in the argument that high levels of debt-GDP lead to high interest payments relative to GDP, which crowd out government capital expenditure and reduce the overall saving rate, two relationships are of critical importance: the responsiveness of changes in the saving ratio with respect to changes in the fiscal deficit levels; and the responsiveness of government capital expenditure to changes in the level of interest payments. Mohan (2006) experienced the path of causality between economic growth and savings in different economic income classes. The ADF test indicates that both log GDP and log GDS have unit roots in the level data. In the presence of unit roots, the variables need to be differenced in order for the series to be stationary. Without differencing the data, a causality tes t would lead to misspecification. To examine the direction of causality between saving and economic growth in Nigeria during the time frame 1970-2007, Oladipo ( 2009) used the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) and Dolado and Lutkepohl (1996) TYDL methodology. The variables of interest for savings and economic growth are positively co-integrated indicating that there exists a steady long run equilibrium relationship. Furthermore, the findings also revealed a unidirectional causality between savings and economic growth and thus the corresponding role of FDI in growth. In order to establish the link between economic growth and saving in Nigeria during the time frame of 1970-2007, Abu (2010) used the Granger-causality and co-integration techniques. There exists co-integration and long-run equilibrium between the variables savings and economic growth according to the Johansen co-integration test. There is also the causality runs from economic growth to saving, implying that growth triggers and Granger produces saving. Hence, the Solows hypothesis that saving leads to economic growth, and recognize the Keynesian theory that it is economic growth that leads to higher saving, is discarded. CHAPTER 3-DATA ANALYSIS 3.1 Sources of data The economic growth rate, household debt and household saving rate, price level are available on the Global Finance website. The interest on savings, consumption and investment are available on the Nationsmasters website, the World Bank website and the Penn World Table website. 3.2 The Econometric Model In this section, a model is developed to measure the impact of household debt and household saving among other factors, on economic growth. The model for growth for country i in time t is as follows: EGit= ÃŽÂ ± +ÃŽÂ ²1 HDit + ÃŽÂ ²2 HSit + ÃŽÂ ²3 Rit + ÃŽÂ ²4 Pit + ÃŽÂ ²5 Cit+ ÃŽÂ ²6 Iit + Uit Where EGit= Growth Rate of Real GDP per capita at constant prices HDit = Household Debt as a % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) HSit= Household Savings as a % of Disposable Income Rit = Interest on Savings Pit= Price Level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Cit= Consumption Share of CGPD (GDP PER CAPITA) Iit= Investment Share of CGDP (GDP PER CAPITA) Uit = the disturbance term 3.3 Economic Growth When per capita GDP or any other means of calculating total income rises, economic growth arises and this is usually registered as the yearly rate of change in GDP. Economic growth results from advances in productivity in terms of more production of goods and services with the same factors of production. The dependent variable economic growth is measured by real GDP per capita. At times, total GDP figures are not reflective of the actual performance in the economy. Hence, GDP per capita is a better measure as it is liable to fewer errors and some errors tend to affect population estimates and thus they have offsetting impacts. Furthermore, the natural log of real GDP will be taken into account to avoid any large outliers. Screen-shot-2009-09-01-at-14 3.4 Household Saving Household saving can be defined as a percentage of household disposable income which is not consumed and household savings rate can be calculated on gross or net basis. Depreciation is considered in the net savings rate which is more commonly used compared to the gross savings rate. Comparisons of savings rate among countries become hard by these two different measures of gross and net savings rate due to distinct social security and pension programmes, variable tax schemes which have an impact on disposable income. The household savings rate of a country can be affected by age of the economys population, the accessibility of credit, general wealth issues, cultural and social factors. Nevertheless, household savings rates are still a good a measure of an economys income in relation to consumption over time. A country can finance its debt domestically if it has a relatively high level of household savings. High debts levels funded mostly by foreign creditors are less persistent than high debts levels financed by internal savings. Consumption allows GDP to grow and this is a significant factor in economic expansion. With the existence of financial crisis, the whole economy could be dampened with lower consumption due to higher debt and lower savings level. A larger portion of GDP growth should then come from FDI, exports and government expenditure. Household saving is the most essential domestic source of funds to back capital outlay and this is a substantial boost for economic growth on the long term basis. Household savings rate vary greatly among countries as shown in the chart. This is partially due to the level pensions schemes are financed by government rather through personal saving and also to the extent governments offer insurance against sickness and unemployment. savings01 Considering the time dimension in the table above, the savings rate were relatively steady or somehow rising mildly in France, Austria, Italy, Norway and Portugal but have been decreasing in United States, Canada, Japan and Australia. If the social security and insurance payments of USA are considered, its savings rate would be striking. 3.5 Household Debt When a country has a substantial degree of household debt, it increases its inclination to financial crisis and this acts as a hindrance for economic growth. There have been forecasts about house bubbles which were caused and thus creating the countries to be overheated. A large portion of the economic growth was centred on household consumption which was backed by loans from banks. When banks noticed the lack of credit worthiness from consumers who even lost their confidence in the financial system, there had been strict controls over the lending conditions for loans. As a result, the ongoing vicious circle preceded a major decline in economic growth following the fall in consumption and repayments of debts. Analysing the graph results with the conclusion that USA is not the only main country having experienced the worst GDP slowdown but many other countries like Iceland and Portugal are following suit with the level of household debt actually rising substantially. It would not be logical for a country burdened by a large level of household debt to expect its economic performance to flourish in the coming years. HouseholdDebtSelectedCountries household-debt-vs-savings Source:   Lew Rockwell 3.6 Rates of interest The rate of interest has a great influence on the given level of aggregate disposable income which is divided between consumption and saving. However, it cannot be predicted with conviction that a lower interest rate would imply more disposable income will be dedicated to consumption and less to saving or vice versa. As a matter of fact, there can be a rise or fall in the total amount saved following a change in interest rate and this depends on the income and substitution effects and their strengths of their net effects. A higher level of future consumption arises at the detriment of present consumption with substitution effects due to higher interest rates and thus resulting in more savings in the present period. On the other hand, a consumers future income compared to his present income can be increased following higher interest rate and this leads to higher consumption by borrowing from future income and hence, less is saved. However, this may not be necessarily the case for lower income earners who would save only a small part of their incomes even when interest rates are high. The substitution effect will then outweigh the income effect and there will be a direct link between income and rate of interest. For some people who prefer to save a greater portion of their incomes, the income effect may offset the substitution effect and thus higher interest rates would result in lower present savings level real-interest-rates 3.7 Price level/Inflation One of the theoretical concepts of economics says that when there is a change in the price level, this may affect consumption and savings positively or negatively. It is usually believed that households confidence in money erodes when there is inflation and hence, they have the tendency to save more since inflation actually raises the variance of expected real income. The fact that consumers have greater preference for unplanned increases in savings compared to withdrawals, it usually incites consumers to save more when inflation is high. There is also an indirect effect of inflation whereby the real value of nominal asset is diminished and thus the real value of liquid assets decreases the net household wealth. Real consumption is often reduced and savings rate increases. 080625_global_inflation (1) 3.8 Consumption The total value of goods and services purchased by people aggregated over time is called consumption and it is usually the greatest GDP component. A countrys economic performance is often assessed on its consumption levels. Different income earners would be consuming differently depending on their standard of living and purchasing power. Consumption is usually determined by current income, accumulated savings and expectations on future income. Consumption and consumer debt trends 3.9 Investment When an owner usually acquired property for the purpose of generating income like plants and equipments, this is called investment as it is spending on income-generating assets. If a country wants to achieve long term sustainable economic growth, it should be able to the rates of accumulation of capital be it human or physical so that it can result in more efficient assets and so that the whole population can have access to those assets. With the help of financial instruments, markets, and institutions, the extent to which information, enforcement and transactions costs can have their impact on savings rates, investment decisions, technological innovations and steady-state growth rates can be improved. Average annual investment growth in the first six quarters of recovery Source: National Bureau of Economic Research; National Inco

The Watergate Scandal :: President Richard Nixon

The Watergate scandal had everything. Nixon disgraced the presidency by lying to the country and abusing his power and his committees were involved in illegal acts and a big cover up, all leading to little side roads of corruption and lies. Watergate is by far one of the worst presidential scandals in the history of the United States. In the story of Watergate, five burglars were found breaking into democratic offices at the Watergate complex in Washington DC. The break-in was passed off as just another burglary, but when the burglars were found to have connections with the CIA, questions were starting to be asked. Then when the phone number of Howard Hunt was found in one of the burglar’s phone books, it made people think, why would one of the burglars have the phone number of one of the presidents men? When Watergate was uncovered, it revealed that the president was a liar and a cheat. The president lied to our country, lied about his involvement, concealed self incriminati ng evidence, abused his power, and planed to have the CIA stop the FBI investigations. During the times of the unraveling of Watergate, questions were asked about connections with the White House and the president, but when the president was asked about it at a press conference he assured Americans that The White House has no involvement whatever in this particular incident. The lying and cover-ups did not end there, it went on and on for months, and as the scandal kept unraveling, President Nixon and White House, and CREEP officials were deliberately misleading the public about the significance of the Watergate affair. As Watergate was becoming a front-page article in the newspapers, new evidence was being uncovered. One piece of evidence that changed the peoples’ ideas of our president was the tapping of every conversation in the oval office since about the 18th month of President Nixon's term. Those tapes would soon prove that the president was deeply involved in the scandal. The Nixon tapes brought out much controversy. The tapes alone could prove the president innocent or guilty, but whichever one it was, Nixon refused to hand over the tapes. After much struggle Nixon agreed to give a transcript of the tapes. The transcripts brought to light a significant amount of evidence against Nixon. The transcripts revealed payoffs, affiliation with the burglaries and the OK's to the cover-up, but most important the transcripts showed that Nixon had lied repeatedly after he had denied knowing anything about the conspiracy.

What Russia completely backwards as a Country

Was Russia a backwards country? Many things held Russia behind as a country compared to the other great powers Like Britain, France and Germany. One thing that held the country back was Serfdom. Russian's population as made up from 80% Serfs and the majority of Serfs owned no land. Serfs produced little export because the food that they harvested was Just enough to feed them and their families. This held the country back because little Income was coming into the country to fund an Industrial revolution.By 1855 only Russia out of the great powers still had serfs. Serfs were also made to live In Emir's which again hindered the country and the Industrial revolution because less people traveled to the big cities to become workers In the factories because serfs had to ask permission from the elders to leave the Emir's. Russia was behind in the Industrial revolution compared to the other great powers of Europe like Britain who started there industrial revolution by the end of the 18th cent ury.Another thing that held Russia back was Autocratic state. The Tsar was in complete control of Russia and had no one to answer to when making his decisions on what happened with his country. The country had no real parliament as only one was ever formed by Alex II but was then removed by his son Alex Ill after his assassination. This was unlike Britain and France who were ruled by the government at this time. However Russia was much like Germany at this time which was ruled by a Kaiser Wilhelm II.Since Russia had no real parliament Russia was stuck with the conservative ideas of Tsar and his ministers. There are however reasons to suggest the Russia wasn't completely backwards as a country. Alexander II did make reforms for example the emancipation f the serfs and the setting up of Russian's very first government, even though this government was very limited to only the rich and educated men it was a step in the right direction for Russia.Russia also had the Trans-Siberian railwa y which the country was very proud of, which suggests that the country was advancing. However It was still behind countries like Britain which had Railway systems since Manama years before the railway was extended In the sass In Russia. The size of the Russia empire also suggests the advancement of Russia as Russia was able to keep the arrest continuous land empire In the world covering a sixth of the world's surface.Russia during the end of the 19th century and to the beginning of the 20th century as a country was clearly advancing with the extension of the railway and the attempt at reform however the country could not advance quick enough to match that of Brutal and France due to the conservative attitude of the autocratic leaders of Russia Itself. What Russia completely backwards as a Country 1881? By Astrologically like Britain, France and Germany. One thing that held the country back was Serfdom. Income was coming into the country to fund an industrial revolution.By 1855 only Russia out of the great powers still had serfs. Serfs were also made to live in Emir's which again hindered the country and the industrial revolution because less people traveled to the big cities to become workers in the factories because serfs had to ask it was still behind countries like Britain which had Railway systems since Manama years before the railway was extended in the sass in Russia. The size of the Russia largest continuous land empire in the world covering a sixth of the world's surface. Britain and France due to the conservative attitude of the autocratic leaders of Russia itself.

Michael Jackson1 essays

Michael Jackson1 essays 256081 Have moonwalked here since July 29, 1998 Are you a crazed Michael Jackson fan? Are you obsessed with him even from his younger years? There are several different pictures, album lyrics, an MJJ Only Auction, message board, create your own fan page, Also, If you click on the ShopCheap.com link above, you can get a free genuine gemstone. All you need to do is take their survey! Easy As 1-2-3! 256081 Have moonwalked here since July 29, 1998 Are you a crazed Michael Jackson fan? Are you obsessed with him even from his younger years? There are several different pictures, album lyrics, an MJJ Only Auction, message board, create your own fan page, Also, If you click on the ShopCheap.com link above, you can get a free genuine gemstone. All you need to do is take their survey! Easy As 1-2-3! 256081 Have moonwalked here since July 29, 1998 Are you a crazed Michael Jackson fan? Are you obsessed with him even from his younger years? There are several different pictures, album lyrics, an MJJ Only Auction, message board, create your own fan page, Also, If you click on the ShopCheap.com link above, you can get a free genuine gemstone. All you need to do is take their survey! Easy As 1-2-3! 256081 Have moonwalked here since July 29, 1998 Are you a crazed Michael Jackson fan? Are you obsessed with him even from his younger years? There are several different pictures, album lyrics, an MJJ Only Auction, message board, create your own fan page, Also, If you click on the ShopCheap.com link above, you can get a free genuine gemstone. All you need to do is take their survey! Easy As 1-2-3! 256081 Have moonwalked here since July 29, 1998 Are you a crazed Michael Jackson fan? Are you obse...

Syria Geography, Facts, and History

Syria Geography, Facts, and History Capital and Major Cities Capital: Damascus, population 1.7 million Major Cities: Aleppo, 4.6 million Homs, 1.7 million Hama, 1.5 million Idleb, 1.4 million al-Hasakeh, 1.4 million Dayr al-Zur, 1.1 million Latakia, 1 million Dara, 1 million Government of Syria The Syrian Arab Republic is nominally a republic, but in actuality, it is ruled by an authoritarian regime headed by President Bashar al-Assad and the Arab Socialist Baath Party. In the 2007 elections, Assad received 97.6% of the vote. From 1963 to 2011, Syria was under a State of Emergency that allowed the president extraordinary powers; although the State of Emergency has officially been lifted today, civil liberties remain curtailed. Along with the president, Syria has two vice presidents - one in charge of domestic policy and the other for foreign policy. The 250-seat legislature or Majlis al-Shaab is elected by popular vote for four-year terms. The president serves as the head of the Supreme Judicial Council in Syria. He also appoints the members of the Supreme Constitutional Court, which oversees elections and rules on the constitutionality of laws. There are secular appeals courts and courts of the first instance, as well as Personal Status Courts that use sharia law to rule on marriage and divorce cases. Languages The official language of Syria is Arabic, a Semitic language. Important minority languages include Kurdish, which is from the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European; Armenian, which is Indo-European on the Greek branch; Aramaic, another Semitic language; and Circassian, a Caucasian language. In addition to these mother tongues, many Syrians can speak French. France was the League of Nations mandatory power in Syria after World War I. English is also growing in popularity as a language of international discourse in Syria. Population The population of Syria is approximately 22.5 million (2012 estimate). Of those, about 90% are Arab, 9% are Kurds, and the remaining 1% is made up of small numbers of Armenians, Circassians, and Turkmens. In addition, there are about 18,000 Israeli settlers occupying the Golan Heights. Syrias population is growing quickly, with annual growth of 2.4%. The average life expectancy for men is 69.8 years, and for women 72.7 years. Religion in Syria Syria has a complex array of religions represented among its citizens. Approximately 74% of Syrians are Sunni Muslims. Another 12% (including the al-Assad family) are Alawis or Alawites, an off-shoot of the Twelver school within Shiism. Approximately 10% are Christians, mostly of the Antiochian Orthodox Church, but also including Armenian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, and Assyrian Church of the East members. Approximately three percent of Syrians are Druze; this unique faith combines Shia beliefs of the Ismaili school with Greek philosophy and Gnosticism. Small numbers of Syrians are Jewish or Yazidist. Yazidism is a syncretic belief system mostly among ethnic Kurds that combines Zoroastrianism and Islamic Sufism. Geography Syria is situated on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. It has a total area of 185,180 square kilometers (71,500 square miles), divided into fourteen administrative units. Syria shares land borders with Turkey to the north and west, Iraq to the east, Jordan and Israel to the south, and Lebanon to the southwest. Although much of Syria is desert, 28% of its land is arable, thanks in large part to irrigation water from the Euphrates River. The highest point in Syria is Mount Hermon, at 2,814 meters (9,232 feet). The lowest point is near the Sea of Galilee, at -200 meters from the sea (-656 feet). Climate Syrias climate is quite varied, with a relatively humid coast and a desert interior separated by a semiarid zone in between. While the coast averages only about 27 °C (81 °F) in August, temperatures in the desert regularly surpass 45 °C (113 °F). Similarly, rainfall along the Mediterranean averages 750 to 1,000 mm per year (30 to 40 inches), while the desert sees just 250 millimeters (10 inches). Economy Although it has risen into the middle ranks of nations in terms of the economy over recent decades, Syria faces economic uncertainty due to political unrest and international sanctions. It depends on agriculture and oil exports, both of which are declining. Corruption is also an issue.on agriculture and oil exports, both of which are declining. Corruption is also an issue. Approximately 17% of the Syrian workforce is in the agriculture sector, while 16% are in industry and 67% in services. The unemployment rate is 8.1%, and 11.9% of the population live below the poverty line. Syrias per capita GDP in 2011 was about $5,100 US. As of June 2012, 1 US dollar 63.75 Syrian pounds. History of Syria Syria was one of the early centers of Neolithic human culture 12,000 years ago. Important advances in agriculture, such as the development of domestic grain varieties and the taming of livestock, likely took place in the Levant, which includes Syria. By about 3000 BCE, the Syrian city-state of Ebla was the capital of a major Semitic empire that had trade relations with Sumer, Akkad and even Egypt. The invasions of the Sea Peoples interrupted this civilization during the second millennium BCE, however. Syria came under Persian control during the Achaemenid period (550-336 BCE)  and then fell to the Macedonians under Alexander the Great following Persias defeat in the Battle of Gaugamela (331 BCE). Over the next three centuries, Syria would be ruled by the Seleucids, the Romans, the Byzantines, and the Armenians. Finally, in 64 BCE it became a Roman province  and remained so until 636 CE. Syria rose to prominence after the founding of the Muslim Umayyad Empire in 636 CE, which named Damascus as its capital. When the Abbasid Empire displaced the Umayyads in 750, however, the new rulers moved the capital of the Islamic world to Baghdad. The Byzantine (Eastern Roman) sought to regain control over Syria, repeatedly attacking, capturing and then losing major Syrian cities between 960 and 1020 CE. Byzantine aspirations faded when the Seljuk Turks invaded Byzantium in the late 11th century, also conquering parts of Syria itself. At the same time, however, Christian Crusaders from Europe began establishing the small Crusader States along the Syrian coast. They were opposed by anti-Crusader warriors including, among others, the famous Saladin, who was the sultan of Syria and Egypt. Both the Muslims and the Crusaders in Syria faced an existential threat in the 13th century, in the form of the rapidly expanding Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanate Mongols invaded Syria  and met fierce resistance from opponents including the Egyptian Mamluk army, which defeated the Mongols soundly at the Battle of Ayn Jalut in 1260. The foes fought on until 1322, but in the meanwhile, the leaders of the Mongol army in the Middle East converted to Islam and became assimilated into the culture of the area. The Ilkhanate faded out of existence in the mid 14th century, and the Mamluk Sultanate solidified its grip on the area. In 1516, a new power took control of Syria. The Ottoman Empire, based in Turkey, would rule Syria and the rest of the Levant until 1918. Syria became a relatively little-regarded backwater in the vast Ottoman territories. The Ottoman sultan made the mistake of aligning himself with the Germans and Austro-Hungarians in World War I; when they lost the war, the Ottoman Empire, also known as the Sick Man of Europe, fell apart. Under supervision by the new League of Nations, Britain and France divided the former Ottoman lands in the Middle East between themselves. Syria and Lebanon became French mandates. An anti-colonial revolt in 1925 by a unified Syrian populace frightened the French so much that they resorted to brutal tactics to put down the rebellion. In a preview of French policies a few decades later in Vietnam, the French army drove tanks through the cities of Syria, knocking down houses, summarily executing suspected rebels, and even bombing civilians from the air. During World War II, the Free French government declared Syria independent from Vichy France, while reserving the right to veto any bill passed by the new Syrian legislature. The last French troops left Syria in April of 1946, and the country gained a measure of true independence. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Syrian politics were bloody and chaotic. In 1963, a coup put the Baath Party into power; it remains in control to this day. Hafez al-Assad took over both the party and the country in a 1970 coup  and the presidency passed to his son Bashar al-Assad following Hafez al-Assads death in 2000. The younger Assad was seen as a potential reformer and modernizer, but his regime has proved corrupt and ruthless. Beginning in the spring of 2011, a Syrian Uprising sought to overthrow Assad as part of the Arab Spring movement.

Dancing Ghost Halloween Science Magic Trick

Dancing Ghost Halloween Science Magic Trick This Halloween, make a paper ghost dance in the air, as if by magic! This is a simple and educational holiday science project. Dancing Ghost Materials Light-weight paper works best for this project, such as tissue paper, paper towels, toilet paper or printer paper. paperscissorsballoon Make the Ghost Dance! Cut a ghost shape out of the paper. If you cant cut out a ghost or draw one freehand, search Google images for paper ghost cut-out and print a pattern.Blow up the balloon and tie it off.Rub the balloon on dry hair.Slowly edge the balloon toward the paper ghost. You can make the ghost move in response to the balloon and even make it dance in the air. How It Works When you rub a balloon on your hair, some of the electrons from your hair move over to the balloon, producing a charge of static electricity. The electrons have a negative charge. They are attracted to objects that have a positive electrical charge, like paper. Even though static electricity is invisible, it is powerful enough to draw the paper toward it. When the paper and balloon come into contact, the charge is neutralized and the paper falls back down. More Projects More Halloween Science ProjectsScience Halloween Jack-o-LanternsBend Water With Static ElectricityWater Into Blood Science Trick

A definition and discussion on special education Essay

A definition and discussion on special education - Essay Example Basically, special education is in line with acceleration programs for the gifted and talented students and the enrichment programs for fast learners (Slavin, 2008, p.379). The development of special education can be considered as a positive advancement in the social structure and norms. This can be attributed to the fact that before the 1800s, the people with disabilities such as the retarded, the mentally ill, deaf, blind and physically challenged are maltreated and considered to lack the chance to be educated. The maltreatment even became extreme due to superstitions. People with disabilities are even being killed at some point specifically during the era of witch hunts (Sacks, 2001, p.2). During these period although the advocates of education for all groups of people are few, the roots of special education can be considered to have started with certain educators who saw the importance of providing education for the survival of people with disabilities. Included in the educators are Ponce de Leon who educated deaf students to communicate, Pablo Bonet of Spain who established finger spelling for the blind, Jacob Rodriguez Pereire who made sign language simpler and made a machine for calculation and arithmetic and most importantly John Locke who is an important personality in the field of education and was able to differentiate idiocy or metal retardation from insanity or mental illness.

Inserting Foley Catheters and Infection risks involved with them Essay

Inserting Foley Catheters and Infection risks involved with them - Essay Example These considerations are based on evidence based practice (EBP) and associated with reduction of CAUTI risks and incidences in short term indwelling catheter patients. They include; educating staff on catheter management and monitoring of CAUTI incidences on regular basis, programs for prompt removal of catheters, cleansing of urethral meatus using perineal cleansers and maintenance of closed drainage system for urine. Introduction Self actualization is an important aspect of Maslow’s need theory which forms a central part of humanistic philosophy. This theory delineates self actualization which is the driving force behind reaching full potential and tantamount to self fulfillment. When basic and essential needs have been met, an individual moves to become self-actualized through doing what they are supposed to do. In the nursing context, this theory comes to life when nurses initiate the process of patient caring by using curative factors. By exploring self belief and utiliza tion of caring processes, nurses usually achieve self actualization for themselves as well as their clients. In Foley catheter insertion, Maslow’s theory is important in that it allows the application of nurses’ education to cater for the medical needs of their patients. ... Feedback by staff with regards to CAUTI prevention is very important coupled with principles of catheter care (Tenke, Kovacs, Johansen, et al., 2008; Trautner, 2010). Catheter Insertion and Removal There is mixed evidence that prompt programs for the insertion and removal of catheters can lead to reduction of CAUTI. However, a successful program needs to have different elements such as having a multidisciplinary team (nursing and medication). A team to control infection is important for catheter removal after 3-4 days. Besides these two, staffs also need to be educated about feedback of results and prompt removal of catheters (Trautner, 2010). Sterile Insertion of Catheter Evidence suggests that aseptic techniques such as use of sterile gloves, perineal washing and no touch techniques of insertion may very little influence on CAUTI and bacteriuria during or after indwelling catheter insertion. The use of aseptic techniques is often recommended as category II (Tenke, Kovacs, Johansen, et al., 2008; Willson, Wilde, Webb, et al., 2009). Routine Urethral Meatus Care EBP suggests that undertaking of meatal care by use of ointments or antiseptic cleansers should be part of genital and perineal care. Other studies have come with a contrasting opinion that shows the use of antiseptic agents may increase colonization of the meatal by bacteriuria which may increase CAUTI risk (Tenke, Kovacs, Johansen, et al., 2008; Trautner, 2010). Catheter Securement Apparatus Securement devices have little or no influence on development of CAUTI risks. However, further studies and research are needed on ability of securement apparatus to minimize CAUTI risks and urethral trauma (Tenke, Kovacs, Johansen, et al., 2008). Closed

Application questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Application questions - Essay Example I used the experience to make new friends, learn all about their culture, language, and environment. More importantly, living in Togo humbled me as a human being. You might said that I had an epiphany while I was there. This was how it unfolded: It was one more day with surge of Sub Saharan heat, when Simon, one of the orphans, brought me noodles with a sprinkle of chicken pieces, saying that he earned some money and bought noodles with it. I asked, â€Å"Where is yours?† The boy replied, â€Å"I have more in the kitchen, don’t worry.† I was stupid to believe him. I ate everything at the speed of light and then brought the bowl to the kitchen to be washed. I saw Simon there and stopped to say thank you once again for the hearty snack. Then I saw what he was eating, a mere bowl of porridge. I never felt more ashamed of myself in my whole life. I should have known better. I should have known that being the stranger in town, they would give me the shirt off their backs in a show of hospitality. That was when I vowed to make a difference in their lives pf those living in the Third World countries as soon as I was able to. A. I worked in the regional public hospital as an assistant to the doctors, nurses, and other medical practitioners who needed an extra hand. Sometimes, I even found myself working in the ER. While I was there, I experienced the problems that their kind of hospital often encountered and I had a chance to speak to their patients, doctors, and nurses regarding their ill effective national health systems which did nothing to help their society prevent even the most common illnesses from becoming epidemics in their area. B. I will never forget the poverty that I witnessed in this hospital. Having come from a better off country, I was aghast to see that the African health care system was so destitute that they could not even provide the most basic medical supplies, equipment, and even slightly competent doctors

International Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Law - Assignment Example In this regard, obligations erga omnes should be accepted as international law due to the fact that they are based on natural law which must be observed and respected by all states, regardless of jurisdiction5. In this regard, Francisco (33) this kind of law takes precedence over treaty law where international law is concerned due to its nature and the need to protect the basic human rights. It also helps states to be accountable with regard to their actions and this in turn promotes peace6. .7 This is an indication of just how important it is for states to look at these universal obligations as international law8. Treating these obligations as international laws is important for states as it not only also protects them from abuse by other states, but sets clear precedent as to how they should treat other countries and their citizens in cases where there are no clear lines of actions9. A good example of where this is applicable is the issue of torture which is now interminably regard ed as illegal in the face of international law10. As Christian (95) says, it is necessary for all states to understand their legal obligations towards each other in order to have a harmonious existence as the international community. ... This is also echoed by Christian13 who also argues that all states must be able to follow the protocols of international law even in cases where there are no clear guidelines. According to him, where there are no clear guidelines, states must look at the fundamental human rights and use them as the beacon14. International treaties and statues such as the Rome statues are based on this kind of legal precedence that is grounded on the application of universal natural human rights15. Basic human rights are fundamentally international law as every human being is entitled to these rights regardless of where they are16. The Rome statues for instance looks at the rights of soldiers who are captured at war and the captor country is, under the Rome Statue, not allowed to torture the captives as this is an aggravation of basic human rights17. As Francisco (205) says, international humanitarian law is based on the fact that a violation of this law towards even one individual is a violation of t he same towards all mankind. This is predicated by the same declaration with regard to slavery and marine piracy which, when committed is seen under international as a violation not only to the circumstantial victims but also to the rest of mankind18. The violation of the basic human rights such as the deprivation of dignity, the denial of due process etc, to one individual is seen as an undermining of human life all over the world19. Bibliography Andre, Hoogh. Obligations Erga Omnes and International Crimes: A Theoretical Inquiry Into the Implementation and Enforcement of the International Responsibility of States. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,

Reviewing The Adventures of an IT Leader Assignment

Reviewing The Adventures of an IT Leader - Assignment Example In businesses, management of relationships with competitors, rivals, suppliers, and customers can only be achieved when the business is going on the right track and emerging technologies are being scanned and analyzed. Updating systems and being up-to-date with the new technologies must be the first priority of every IT manager. Sometimes, other business managers fail to understand these meetings and problems as they fail to understand the technical terms and their importance. Whether the IT department receives any attention or not, they must spend a reasonable time to scan the emerging technologies and analyze them for their systems. Sometimes systems are automatically updated and sometimes they need to be updated to utilize certain features. These emerging technologies must be scanned and applied before the business goes into deeper challenges. The first question that Rubens asks regarding the blog entry about the June outage is what has to be done about it. The blog entry is made by a blogger who described the day when all systems in IVK went down for a while. This was bad for the business and managers were looking to the IT manager for answers of how this happened. Such blog entries are made on the internet and they were accessible to everyone. Removing it wasn’t an option as it has already been posted and someone must have the copy (Austin, Nolan & O’Donnell, 2009). Blogs are not even undoable. Thus, for this blog, it was better to leave it as it is and be careful for future blogs. The blog entry hadn’t caused harm to anyone in this firm but such blogs may cause negative consequences to other firms. Every business must have policies to protect the inside information of the company from being publicized. Viruses and hacking are two major problems within the IT field that make it difficult for businesses to maintain their policies. Ruben asks his team about the general policies that should be implemented to prevent such inside

Technology's Role in close friendship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology's Role in close friendship - Essay Example You would find his hobbies drastically different. He would rather spend his time in front of his computer or laptop using some social networking website like facebook or twitter or playing games virtually on his X-box or Wii or massively texting/chatting with â€Å"friends† through his latest texting device, iPhone, iPad or some similar gadget. (Rath, 2006). What is the most noticeable difference between a teenager of 10 years ago and a teenager of today? Anybody would notice the infiltration of technology in their everyday lives. However, what we fail to notice is its actual impact, which is the continuous lessening of personal contact. (Anderson & Taylor, 2010). As the number of â€Å"friends† on facebook increases, the number of â€Å"real† friends diminishes. This is why the average number of close friends an American has is decreasing drastically. (Henslin, 2010). And this is not the case just in America. As the world becomes more and more obsessed with acqu iring the latest technology, people everywhere in the world are gradually losing the â€Å"human† touch and are very happily adopting a robotic lifestyle. (Chall, 2004). What we fail to understand here is that human beings are social animals. In order to function properly psychologically, they need continuous interpersonal communication to feel alive. (Macionis & Plummer, 2008).

International Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Law - Assignment Example In this regard, obligations erga omnes should be accepted as international law due to the fact that they are based on natural law which must be observed and respected by all states, regardless of jurisdiction5. In this regard, Francisco (33) this kind of law takes precedence over treaty law where international law is concerned due to its nature and the need to protect the basic human rights. It also helps states to be accountable with regard to their actions and this in turn promotes peace6. .7 This is an indication of just how important it is for states to look at these universal obligations as international law8. Treating these obligations as international laws is important for states as it not only also protects them from abuse by other states, but sets clear precedent as to how they should treat other countries and their citizens in cases where there are no clear lines of actions9. A good example of where this is applicable is the issue of torture which is now interminably regard ed as illegal in the face of international law10. As Christian (95) says, it is necessary for all states to understand their legal obligations towards each other in order to have a harmonious existence as the international community. ... This is also echoed by Christian13 who also argues that all states must be able to follow the protocols of international law even in cases where there are no clear guidelines. According to him, where there are no clear guidelines, states must look at the fundamental human rights and use them as the beacon14. International treaties and statues such as the Rome statues are based on this kind of legal precedence that is grounded on the application of universal natural human rights15. Basic human rights are fundamentally international law as every human being is entitled to these rights regardless of where they are16. The Rome statues for instance looks at the rights of soldiers who are captured at war and the captor country is, under the Rome Statue, not allowed to torture the captives as this is an aggravation of basic human rights17. As Francisco (205) says, international humanitarian law is based on the fact that a violation of this law towards even one individual is a violation of t he same towards all mankind. This is predicated by the same declaration with regard to slavery and marine piracy which, when committed is seen under international as a violation not only to the circumstantial victims but also to the rest of mankind18. The violation of the basic human rights such as the deprivation of dignity, the denial of due process etc, to one individual is seen as an undermining of human life all over the world19. Bibliography Andre, Hoogh. Obligations Erga Omnes and International Crimes: A Theoretical Inquiry Into the Implementation and Enforcement of the International Responsibility of States. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,

Technology's Role in close friendship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology's Role in close friendship - Essay Example You would find his hobbies drastically different. He would rather spend his time in front of his computer or laptop using some social networking website like facebook or twitter or playing games virtually on his X-box or Wii or massively texting/chatting with â€Å"friends† through his latest texting device, iPhone, iPad or some similar gadget. (Rath, 2006). What is the most noticeable difference between a teenager of 10 years ago and a teenager of today? Anybody would notice the infiltration of technology in their everyday lives. However, what we fail to notice is its actual impact, which is the continuous lessening of personal contact. (Anderson & Taylor, 2010). As the number of â€Å"friends† on facebook increases, the number of â€Å"real† friends diminishes. This is why the average number of close friends an American has is decreasing drastically. (Henslin, 2010). And this is not the case just in America. As the world becomes more and more obsessed with acqu iring the latest technology, people everywhere in the world are gradually losing the â€Å"human† touch and are very happily adopting a robotic lifestyle. (Chall, 2004). What we fail to understand here is that human beings are social animals. In order to function properly psychologically, they need continuous interpersonal communication to feel alive. (Macionis & Plummer, 2008).

Internet Censorship Issue Essay Example for Free

Internet Censorship Issue Essay We are exposed to various dangers of the known and unknown kind in this physical world we live in. As such, we are always on the lookout for warning and danger signals regarding problems we may encounter. Our protection from these dangers come in the form of laws, law enforcers, and guidelines that help provide us with a semblance of security and protection. We are protected from unnecessary influences of the mass media by censorship rules designed to temper and minimize the effects of violence, pornography, and other strong yet bad influences on our being. We do not have those safety nets in place, although it is really a necessary precaution, when we use the Internet. This is why I am in favor or Internet filtering in schools and all public libraries. My parents and I are well informed about the dangers posed by unsupervised Internet usage. That is why my parents installed an Internet filtering system in our computer at home. They love me dearly and do not want any harm to come my way nor do they want me to be exposed to anything that could pose a potential danger to my person. But, they cannot spend all their time watching me as I use the Internet for my various activities from day to day. They also do not expect themselves or me to know which disguised websites would be detrimental to myself since all the Internet sites are designed to entice unknowing visitors into their sites. This is why they installed the Internet filter. To act as a back up guide in order for me to informed decisions about which websites will be good to visit and those not fit for people of my age. As such, they put blind faith and trust into the school system hoping that the system also does their part in protecting me from these potential dangers. The school accomplishes this task by installing Internet Filtering programs in the library computers. These programs are designed to aid the school in making sure that students library Internet privileges are not abused, nor used for illegal activities such as online gambling and accessing porn sites. The Internet use remains indirectly supervised for the students and the schools own protection. The Internet has become far more influential than the television in educating the children and allowing them to pursue their interests. It is a learning tool that can help develop a students interest and skills just as fast as the wrong Internet exposure can destroy that very same promising student. This is why Internet filtering should become a standard in all school and public library computers across the country.

The Topic Of Tourism In UAE Tourism Essay

The Topic Of Tourism In UAE Tourism Essay The main aim to provide this study on the topic of tourism in UAE is to provide an overview of the condition in the United Arab Emirates. The below paragraphs given are divided into five chapters to study all about tourism in UAE which gives an overall information related with the tourism sector of United Arab Emirates. Chapter 1 is the Introduction which gives basic information about the things which we are going to do in our study. Chapter 2 consists of the Data collection and analysis of the data which tells about the nature of tourist and tourist destination place. Chapter 3 includes approach and methodology which is applied to get the data and Chapter 4 is included to analysis and interpret the data which is collected. At the end Chapter 5 consists of conclusion, recommendations and suggestions for the topic covered. CHAPTER-1 Introduction- INTRODUCTION- The country United Arab Emirates has a unique property that it is governed by the seven self governing sheikhs namely Sharjah, Umm al Qaiwain, Dubai, Ajman, Ras al-Khaimah, Abu Dhabi, Fujairah. As we all know that UAE is the favorite tourist destination around the globe and mostly in Middle East for both leisure travelers and business persons. There has been boost observed in the tourism industry of United Arab Emirates which is basically a result of development or production of different modes of communication. There are many reasons for the favorite tourism destination place of many business person due to crime free environment, traditional Arab hospitality and most importantly highly developed infrastructure. There are many tourist places which are worth admiring which have given boom in the tourism industry. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY- The basic principle to study the tourism sector of the United Arab Emirates is to learn about the destination places and the background of the tourism which indicates start of the tourism sector of the country. The study will be mainly focus on the nature of tourist that is where they prefer to go, number of tourist arriving and leaving and much more. There is comparison with the United States of America and United Kingdom of UAE tourism which can make them think about the situation about how they can cope up with the rising problems in the tourism sector. The most important reason for the base of the study is to remove the negative impacts of the sector. RESEARCH QUESTIONS- There are many questions which arise related with the tourism sector in the United Arab Emirates. Some of them are- What are the elements which contribute to the study of tourism in UAE? Why we are performing study on the tourism sector of United Arab Emirates? What is the position of tourism compared according to the countries like USA and UK? What are the negative impacts on the tourism sector of the United Arab Emirates? What are the famous places which are usually visited by most of the tourists? STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM- The main thing which comes in the way of tourism sector of United Arab Emirates is the comparison between USA and UK which has comparatively larger hub as a tourist place. Some negative impacts can also be counted from the tourism in United Arab Emirates which are stones on the way of success in United Arab Emirates. EXPLANATION OF THE TERMS- The main term which was used in the coming paragraph is Sustainable Tourism which is an industry committed towards maintaining the standard of the tourism industry making less impact on the environment and the local culture. Sustainable tourism cannot be related with the Ecotourism as it ensures that development can bring positive experience in the local people. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY- The main objective behind the study of tourism in United Arab Emirates is to study the deep concept of tourism in Middle East by studying about the incoming and outgoing of the tourists, favorite destination place of the tourists and historical attraction for tourists. There is comparison done between the tourism of countries UK and USA with the tourism sector of UAE. There are various factors which imposes negative factor on the tourism industry of UAE. DELIMITATION OF STUDY- Delimitation of study is basically the study which defines the scope or boundaries of the study. The proposals of development of the tourism sector of the country by the exclusionary and inclusionary decisions among which the choice of objectives and questions, alternative theoretical perspectives and variable interests can be adopted. There are various steps involved in the study which are described in the form of coming paragraphs in our study of tourism sector of United Arab Emirates. SCHEME OF CHAPTERIZATION- There are basically five chapters included in the study of tourism in United Arab Emirates in which first chapter consists of Introduction part which consists of the introduction of the study or issues which we will be going to raise in our further paragraphs. Second Chapter includes the review of literature related with the UAE tourism in which reviewing of international or local studies has been done and implications of review for the present study has been proposed in coming paragraphs. Third Chapter consists of Approach and Methodology which is clear from its name as the approach and method required for performing study. Fourth Chapter is included to make analysis on the data and provide with an interpretation which includes Data collection and analysis and major findings related with the topic. Last chapter consists of Conclusion, Recommendations and suggestions which will help in doing further studies on the tourism sector of United Arab Emirates. Chapter 2- Literature Review- INTRODUCTION- There are various types of studies done on the tourism sector of UAE in which basically we will be discussing about the two main types that are International Study and Local Study. The studies have been done on various factors which affect the tourism industry of the United Arab Emirates. Basically the literature review shows summary of some of the key literature underlying the framework report. The literature review is included as the three supplementary documents in the framework report and the other two are Indicators of Sustainability and Indicators and Sustainable tourism. As according to the sustainable development there is freedom to accept the shades of green in approaching sustainable tourism and based on this approach which holds development of tourism and tourists together and consider satisfaction of operator as central aim to the darker green which carry precautionary principle and concept of carrying features highly (Hunter, 1997). As we have discussed about Sustainable tourism which is taking place in most of the country including United Arab Emirates which means when we combine the term sustainable with the tourism then the latter must take on the social, environmental and economical considerations that are inherent in the former. There are many other factors included under three headings which are described above that is Social, environmental and economical. Butler in 1980 proposed a model of the evolution of development of tourism popularly known as tourist-area life cycle in which he tries to introduce the notion of carrying capacity which means that at any tourist place there is a limit to tourist members beyond which they are damage to the future capability of the area as a tourist attraction. Although tourism carrying capacity is a useful concept in the prevailing view of literature but it helps us to understand the practical and theoretical application of the sustainable tourism. INTERNATIONAL STUDIES- There are various studies being proposed in order to study the concept of tourism in the United Arab Emirates in which according to expert Dubai is the most favorite destination to the attract the foreigners to itself which is one of the seven emirates comprising the United Arab Emirates located on the Persian gulf. Various studies have shown that Dubai is the premier tourist destination place in the whole region which is complemented with the worlds largest man-made harbor by the bustling port industry of Jebel Ali. (Welcome to Dubai Travel guide) The writers have defined the city with innovation at its finest as it is getting much popularity and income from the tourist attraction which comes from real estates, massive infrastructure, breaking of Guinness Records and other activities related to sports, leisure, beaches and many more. However compared to other countries Dubai too comprises of share good travel spots to which most of people unwind and settle down for the time being. Dubai is considered as the important part of the governments strategy to maintain the flow of cash into the emirates from the foreign country. Mainly the tourists arrive in this city for shopping but also to attend other ancient and modern attractions of the country. According to the people, Dubai is basically considered as the shopping capital of the Middle East which draws a large number of shopping tourists from other countries within the region and as far from Europe also. LOCAL STUDY- When we talk about the local study then the main thing which comes into the mind of people is of a month long festival which is known as Dubai Shopping festival which is held during the month of January every year and during this time whole of the Emirates is observed as the shopping mall and additionally to attract the tourist and give rise to tourism this festival brings together folk dances, music shows and art exhibition. According to the localities, Sightseeing is considered as poor second for most of the visitors who basically comes considering Dubai as a shopping paradise. In the boom of economic development in the city like Dubai, various aspects of Dubais old culture overshadowed the former and some of the tourists can be found visiting the places around creek which makes Dubai split into two halves which are known as Bur Dubai and Deira. IMPLICATION OF REVIEW- As we have talked about the Sustainable tourism in the review which basically tells about the factors such as environment, economical and social, this comes into effect when we add tourism with the Sustainable. There are two types of studies done on the tourism sector of the United Arab Emirates which tells about the various factors related with the tourism industry and the places which are famous for the tourist destination. The suggestion for the review to improve the drawbacks which are coming on the way of the tourism of UAE is to improve the judicial procedure and improvement in tourist places should be done. Chapter 3- Approach and Methodology- INTRODUCTION- The approach used for finding the tourism information of the UAE is survey performed on the people of United Arab Emirates. There are various projects being run by the government in order to promote tourism in the country and especially in Dubai which has a mission of comprising of 86 percent of tourism related construction projects all over gulf in the next coming eight years which was reported by a newspaper of the UAE. (Abu Dhabi and dubai to lead the region tourism projects) The approach which is used for determining the information about the tourism sector of the country is to perform survey on the foreign tourist as well as the local tourist as well as performing analysis on the data collected. The nature of data is in the form of number which will be representing the nature of the people and reaction of the people with respect to their attendance to various destination of tourist and basically mostly survey could be performed in the Malls where most of the tourist are found as Dubai is considered as the Shopping destination of the Middle East. Sources of Data is basically aimed at viewing two section which comprises of National people and foreign tourists which are chosen for survey in order to get reaction over the destination places of tourists. Sample are considered as the surveys which are performed on the people which have come to visit the tourist places and the procedure to make survey is to perform survey in the Mall as mostly tourist come for shopping, famous tourist destination places and beaches. Data collection is based on the survey which we got from conducting on the people and analysis is done based on that survey. There are basically findings which are related with the tourism sector of the United Arab Emirates. DATA ANALYSIS- The analysis done through survey is basically used to find out the starting of the tourism industry in the United Arab Emirates, the comparison between the tourism industry of United Arab Emirates and United States of America and United Kingdom. The negative impacts which are coming on the way of tourism in the United Arab Emirates and the suggestion for removing the negative impacts on tourism. There is discussion on the famous and favorite destination places of the United Arab Emirates which is mostly attained by the tourists on coming to the UAE. Mostly the tourism sector is being promoted due to the relaxed and wealthy nature of the Arab city which is also known for its oil fortunes. There is basically overview of the tourism being described through collection of data and analysis done on the data collected. Questionnaire- Do negative impacts affect tourism of the country? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Are relation with the USA and UK strong as seen with the perspective of tourism industry? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Do you agree with more and more tourist coming to your country? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree There is major change which can be seen in the infrastructure and maintenance of the tourist destination place. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Have you provided any contribution in the welfare and security of the tourists in your country Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Services provided to the foreign tourist are worth admiring Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Proper messages and treatment is given to the tourist which are coming across the globe Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Is there any racial discrimination done in the country with respect to the tourists. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Chapter 4- Data Analysis and Interpretation- INTRODUCTION- As we have collected data surveying on various kinds of people which provides their view over the destination places, shopping malls and other heritage sites present. There are major findings on the data collected which represent the view of the survey presented by the people on the tourist places. The comparison between USA and UK and United Arab Emirates which provides the scope of improvement in the tourism sector and positive and negative impacts which are effecting the tourism in the United Arab Emirates. DATA ANALYSIS- The table represents the reaction of people on various kinds of questions asked to them. QUESTION NUMBER STRONGLY AGREE AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE Question 1 40 30 15 5 10 Question 2 10 40 20 10 10 Question 3 80 1 1 3 15 Question 4 15 45 5 10 25 Question 5 40 10 5 25 20 Question 6 90 2 1 2 5 Question 7 10 6 5 4 75 Question 8 25 50 10 5 10 As we have collected the data from surveying the people we have found out that the concept of tourism started in the 20th century in United Arab Emirates which is getting raise day by day through the huge infrastructure present in the seven emirates. Abu Dhabi which is capital of UAE is considered as the richest city of its existence which consists of scenic wave front Croniche and the overgenerous Emirates palace hotels which are hard to miss by any tourist and the beauty present in the city takes the capital of the country to the next level. (World guides, 2010) At a cost of US$ 30 million, Abu Dhabi is basically trying to compete with the glitz of Dubai by building the Saadiyat Island which means Island of happiness which comprises of museums, parks, beaches, golf courses which is not scheduled to complete before 2018. There are all kinds of destination place within Abu Dhabi suiting all tastes and ages. The Al Ain Zoo is preferred to spend the afternoon exploring the animal attraction where families and mostly children are used to spend time and the hill fun city amusement park is also famous for its roller coaster ride. The city also offers a village known as Abu Dhabi Heritage Village which offers the history of Abu Dhabi represented in a peculiar manner. There is much history present inside the city of Abu Dhabi and home to innumerable impressive sites in which most famous is White fort which is considered as home of many of the citys leaders. The Eastern fort is another citys prominent landmarks and Al Manhal Palace which is just short from the downtown of Abu Dhabi and surrounded by the expanse of parkland. Mostly Dubai and Abu Dhabi is famous for its Shopping where huge malls and festivals are created for attracting the tourists from all over the world. The real estate sector of Dubai also attracts the people from all over the world where separate man-made islands are created for the people at very handsome rates. There are around 24 tourist destination places within Dubai which attracts the tourists which includes five star rating and four star ratings from the government in which some of them are Burj Al-Arab, Bur Dubai Museum, Al Maha Desert Resort and Spa, Mall of the emirates, one and only Royal Mirage Resort, Jumeirah Mosque, Jumeirah Beach hotel, Majlis Ghorfat Um-al-sheef, Bur Sheikh Saeed Al Maktoum House. These are the places which are given five star rating which means that it is highly recommended attractions to visit in Dubai. The places such as Deira Al-Ahmadiya School, Bur Heritage and Diving Village, Jumeirah city, Wild Wadi, Deirah Spice Souq, Deira heritage house, De ira gold Souq, Deira Dubai creek golf and yacht club, Oud Metha Wafi city are given four star ratings which is recommended for visiting in Dubai. (Top rated dubai tourist attractions, 2010) MAJOR FINDINGS- The major findings in the study of tourism basically turn our attention towards the relation between the USA and UK and UAE. The tourism sector is basically compared within these countries and the help which is provided by the USA and UK to United Arab Emirates for developing the tourist destination places to attract more and more tourist across the world. As we all know about the United States contribution of $733 million to the United Arab Emirates tourism economy in 2008 in a challenging economy environment through which international tourism remains flexible according to the new Tourism Outlook in United States of America. As to travel in United States the person coming from States has to purchase average amount of $139.69 while an Emirati travelers has to spend around $262 million on their visa branded payment cards which was observed as 49 increment over 2007. United States also analyzed attitudes and intentions of the traveler which was basically based on 11 key source markets. There is decrement in the travelling of US people due to socio-economic climate which is creates inside the country but somewhere it is not affected by the economic environment where 83 percent adjust their international travel plans while 52 percent opt for travelling during off peak season and around 33 percent choose the place where cost is comparative ly less. (US contributed $733 million to UAEs tourism economy in 2008, 2009) There are various positive and negative impacts on the tourism industry of every country but the country here is United Arab Emirates. We all know about the positive impacts which affect the tourism in the positive manner but the negative impacts can be in the form of crime which will affect the tourism. The other thing is about the maintenance of the tourist destination places which gives the first impression of the place. When we talk about the Negative impacts then the primary source of these impacts is environment present in the country as some of the places may be polluted which can be harmful for the tourists as they are not use to that kind of environment. These were some of the negative impacts on the tourism sector of the country as it can affect the position and reputation of the tourism department of the country. DISCUSSION- As we have collected the data from the people at the tourist place which gives their view over the tourist facilities being provided by the government to the people coming from outside. There are well established shopping malls for the tourists which are fully filled with facilities. The relation with USA and UK are also emerging as the main topic for the tourism industry in which various steps has been taken by both the countries to lure the people of both the countries toward each other. The negative impacts of the factor discussed above are tried to be minimized taking efforts towards it which will be helpful in building a strong base for the tourism sector of the United Arab Emirates. CONCLUSION- The conclusion which allows us to take the best move to take our tourism sector to the sky heights is to maintain the tourist places well to attract more and more people towards it. Mainly United Arab Emirates is famous for its shopping festival which should be marketed around the globe which attracts the people to take part in it from other countries. Chapter 5- Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations SUMMARY: United Arab Emirates is controlled by seven sheikhs and it is the place which is known as favorite tourist destination around the world. This increment of tourism is due to the factors like crime free environment and highly developed infrastructure and there is various worth places due to which tourist industry is at boom. To learn the destination places and the background of the tourism sector of the country is basic principle to study the tourism sector of the United Arab Emirates. The study is about the tourists nature that is their preferences of going, collection about the arrival and leaving of tourists and various other things. There are very much differences in the United States of America and United Kingdom of UAE tourism which makes them think and ways of coping up with the problems in the tourism sector. This is done for removing the impacts of the sector which are negative. Many questions arise which are related with the sector of tourism in the United Arab Emirates like the contributing elements for the study of tourism in UAE? Other important question that is raised is that what is the position of tourism compared according to the countries like USA and UK? In United Arab Emirates, some negative impacts can also be included from the tourism which is bottlenecks on the way of success in United Arab Emirates. The main objective of study of study of tourism in United Arab Emirates is studying the concept of tourism in the Middle East and by studying the incoming and outgoing of the tourists. There is large number of chapters included in the tourism study in United Arab Emirates and these chapters consist of introduction. These chapters also contain the approach and methodology. There are various types of studies and the two major studies are international study and the local study. It is noted that Dubai is considered to maintain the flow of cash. There are drawback suggestions like the improvement of judicial procedure and the improvement in tourist places should be done. Surveys performed on the people of United Arab Emirates are an approach used for finding the information about tourism. The main aim of sources of data is to view two sections which consist of National people and foreign tourists. FINDINGS: After reading all the points about the whole process of tourism, employment, and various other growths in UAE and after doing various surveys in between the local people and the tourists in UAE, it is found that all the programs except a few problems launched by the government are helpful and favoured by both the local people and the tourists. Various programs and schemes like with 2 tickets of adult a free ticket of child is provided during the tourist season which is liked by majority of the tourists and this type of schemes attracts the tourists. When the tourists come to UAE, most of the hotels, bars etc are totally booked and this helps in the employment of various people. When a survey was done recently for the comments of the tourists and the local people of UAE, it was found that about 90% of the people and the tourists were satisfied with the policies of government and the behavior of the local people with the tourists. According to tourists the behavior of the people of UAE is very supportive and there are no problems of crime and cheating. But some of the tourists and the resident people have some problems from the increment in tourism. It is found that one of the major problems that are faced is of environmental pollution like destruction of forest, noise and air pollution which harms the health of the local people of UAE and due to this a little decrement has taken place in the tourism industry in UAE. It is founded that most of the developments in UAE is because of the growth of tourism industry. CONCLUSIONS: From all the discussions above it is concluded that the main reason for the development of UAE is tourism and without tourism UAE would not have been grown as much. From the above discussions about tourism in UAE, we have come to know that tourism is not only the purpose of recreation but it also a source of service. UAE depends heavily on the foreigners travel expenditure as a great source of taxation and income for various enterprises. Therefore in UAE, tourism is a strategy of promoting a particular region with a purpose of increasing commerce through the export of goods and services. In UAE, the tourism provides employment to the people in the form of Hotels bars etc and due to this it is concluded that tourism in UAE increases the standard of living of people and decreases the unemployment. But tourism has some disadvantages in UAE in the form of environmental damage like forest fires, destruction of sand dunes and pollution. This increased pollution disturbs the local residents and this pollution discourages the tourism in future. Though, the government of UAE has launched various programs for the control of the pollution but all these programs were not good enough to control the pollution. The traditional culture of UAE is very unique and very vast but the tourist does not always give respect to the traditional culture which is very sad to hear but it is true. Finally it is concluded that tourism is a very profitable process especially in UAE as development in UAE depends vastly on this industry because there is no requirement of lot of literacy and it yields very much profit with very little investment SUGGESTIONS: There are many advantages of tourism and the tourism in UAE is perfect up to a certain level but there are some drawbacks of tourism in UAE. Some suggestions for the removal of these drawbacks are- first of all the tourism in UAE causes pollution which damages the environment so control measures for pollution like noise and air should be taken by the government like use of CNG more than petrol and diesel. As the tourism provide employment to many people in UAE through bars, hotels, tourist guide etc so to increase the employment more and more hotels and bars should be opened by the government of UAE. Due to high employment the economy of the country increases at a rapid rate which further leads to the growth of UAE. Many factories should be opened by the government of UAE because the tourism in UAE provides indirect employment in terms of workers of the factory that helps in producing goods and services in the economy which helps in meeting the demand of the population in tourism. To promote the tourism in UAE government should give various offers to the tourists like discount on the packages given during the tourist season and large number of packages should be taken out during the festivals in UAE. The main problem in UAE is of security so more police forces should be appointed only for the tourism. More tourism in UAE will lead to more and more development of the country.